Frequently Asked Questions about Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE)
What is Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE)?
Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure used to treat chronic knee pain associated with osteoarthritis. It works by reducing abnormal blood flow and inflammation in the knee through targeted treatment of small arteries called the genicular arteries.
Who may be a candidate for GAE?
GAE may be considered for people with knee osteoarthritis who have persistent pain despite treatments such as medications, physical therapy, injections, or other conservative approaches. It may also be an option for patients looking to delay or avoid knee replacement surgery.
What symptoms can GAE help treat?
GAE is intended to help reduce symptoms such as:
- Chronic knee pain
- Knee swelling and inflammation
- Difficulty walking or exercising
- Reduced mobility and function
- Pain that interferes with daily activities
How does GAE work?
During GAE, an interventional radiologist guides a small catheter into the arteries supplying the knee using real-time X-ray imaging. Tiny embolic particles are then delivered into selected arteries to reduce abnormal blood flow associated with inflammation while preserving normal circulation to the knee.
Is GAE a surgical procedure?
No. GAE is minimally invasive and does not require a surgical incision in the knee. A small catheter is inserted through an artery, typically through the groin or wrist.
How long does the GAE procedure take?
The procedure typically takes about 1 to 2 hours, although the total time at the facility may be longer because of preparation and recovery.
Will I be awake during GAE?
Yes. Patients generally remain awake during the procedure. Local anesthesia is used at the catheter insertion site, and mild sedation may be provided to help you relax.
Is GAE painful?
Most patients experience little discomfort during the procedure. You may feel a temporary warm sensation when contrast dye is injected. Mild soreness or temporary knee discomfort can occur afterward.
What happens before GAE?
Before the procedure, your healthcare provider may review your medical history and medications, examine your knee, and order imaging such as X-rays or an MRI. Blood tests may also be performed if needed. Your treatment goals and expected outcomes will be discussed before the procedure.
Where is GAE performed?
GAE is typically performed in an outpatient interventional radiology suite using image-guided techniques.
Do I need to stay in the hospital after GAE?
GAE is generally performed as an outpatient procedure. After treatment, you will be monitored for a short recovery period, and most patients can return home the same day.
How long does it take to recover from GAE?
Recovery is generally short. Walking is usually permitted shortly after treatment, and many patients can return to their normal daily activities relatively quickly. Your physician will provide individualized recovery instructions.
When will I start feeling better after GAE?
Improvement may develop gradually over several weeks to months. Some patients experience progressive improvement during the first several weeks, with benefits continuing to develop over time.
What are the potential benefits of GAE?
Potential benefits include reduced knee pain and inflammation, improved mobility and function, a short recovery period, minimal scarring, and preservation of the natural knee joint. GAE may also help some patients delay the need for knee replacement surgery.
What are the risks of GAE?
Although GAE is generally considered safe, potential risks include bruising or bleeding at the catheter insertion site, temporary knee pain, infection, allergic reaction to contrast dye, blood vessel injury, skin discoloration or irritation, temporary numbness or sensitivity, incomplete symptom relief, and the possibility of needing additional treatment.
Are serious complications common with GAE?
Serious complications are uncommon when the procedure is performed by experienced specialists. Your physician can discuss the specific risks and benefits based on your medical history and condition.
Will GAE replace the need for knee replacement surgery?
GAE is not a replacement for knee replacement surgery in every patient. It may help reduce symptoms and potentially delay the need for surgical intervention in some patients. Your healthcare provider can determine whether GAE is appropriate for your condition.
Does GAE preserve the natural knee joint?
Yes. Unlike knee replacement surgery, GAE does not remove or replace the knee joint. The procedure is designed to reduce abnormal blood flow and inflammation while preserving the natural joint.
What can I expect after GAE?
You may experience mild soreness at the catheter insertion site or temporary knee discomfort. You will be monitored after the procedure, and walking is usually permitted shortly afterward. Most patients go home the same day.
How do I know if GAE is right for me?
If you have chronic knee pain caused by osteoarthritis and have not achieved adequate relief with conservative treatments, you may benefit from a consultation with an experienced specialist. Your medical history, symptoms, imaging, and treatment goals can be evaluated to determine whether GAE is an appropriate option.